现代遥感技术在秦始皇陵考古研究中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周小虎  谭克龙  万余庆  段清波  宋德闻  牛新龙 《现代地质》2007,21(1):157-162

秦始皇陵考古研究已取得大量成果,但对是否存在西墓道、阻排水渠位置及阻水效果等问题还不清楚。应用现代遥感技术在秦始皇陵区对文物遗存进行探测,对航空全色遥感图像和航空高光谱遥感图像进行数据处理、解释,提取文物遗存信息,发现了封土堆热异常,证实了阻排水渠的存在及其阻水效果,确认了西墓道的存在。与地球物理和地球化学的研究结果进行比较,得到的结论完全一致,证实了遥感方法的准确性和有效性。  相似文献   

Assessing the performance of structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry and terrestrial LiDAR for reconstructing soil surface microtopography of naturally vegetated plots          下载免费PDF全文

Sayjro Kossi Nouwakpo  Mark A. Weltz  Kenneth McGwire 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(3):308-322

Soil microtopography is a property of critical importance in many earth surface processes but is often difficult to quantify. Advances in computer vision technologies have made image‐based three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction or Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) available to many scientists as a low cost alternative to laser‐based systems such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). While the performance of SfM at acquiring soil surface microtopography has been extensively compared to that of TLS on bare surfaces, little is known about the impact of vegetation on reconstruction performance. This article evaluates the performance of SfM and TLS technologies at reconstructing soil microtopography on 6 m × 2 m erosion plots with vegetation cover ranging from 0% to 77%. Results show that soil surface occlusion by vegetation was more pronounced with TLS compared to SfM, a consequence of the single viewpoint laser scanning strategy adopted in this study. On the bare soil surface, elevation values estimated with SfM were within 5 mm of those from TLS although long distance deformations were observed with the former technology. As vegetation cover increased, agreement between SfM and TLS slightly degraded but was significantly affected beyond 53% of ground cover. Detailed semivariogram analysis on meter‐square‐scale surface patches showed that TLS and SfM surfaces were very similar even on highly vegetated plots but with fine scale details and the dynamic elevation range smoothed out with SfM. Errors in the TLS data were mainly caused by the distance measurement function of the instrument especially at the fringe of occlusion regions where the laser beam intersected foreground and background features simultaneously. From this study, we conclude that a realistic approach to digitizing soil surface microtopography in field conditions can be implemented by combining strengths of the image‐based method (simplicity and effectiveness at reconstructing soil surface under sparse vegetation) with the high accuracy of TLS‐like technologies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于微型无人机遥感的亚热带林冠物种识别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨龙  孙中宇  唐光良  林志文  陈燕乔  黎喻  李勇 《热带地理》2016,36(5):833-839

通过微型无人机平台搭载微单相机监测亚热带地区森林生态系统冠层,发现在低空飞行时（飞行高度100m）,仅能识别马尾松、湿地松和大叶相思3 个冠层树种;但在超低空飞行时（高度50 m）的影像分辨率较高,通过提取冠层的轮廓、纹理、结构、颜色等信息,能成功分辨出近20 种冠层物种,甚至可以识别出部分林隙中的林下物种。根据微型无人机遥感,可提取多种亚热带林冠信息,为森林保护或生态系统管理提供有效帮助。  相似文献   

基于多旋翼无人机倾斜摄影测量的沙丘三维形态研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

钱广强  杨转玲  董治宝  田敏 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):18-25

无人机倾斜摄影技术是近年来发展起来的新型测量方法，具有高效率、高精度、非接触、大范围等优点。本研究采用多旋翼无人机，结合精确测定的地面控制点，实现了对新月形沙丘群三维形态的精确测量。结果表明：无人机倾斜摄影测量的均方根误差小于18 mm，可以满足大比例尺地形测量的要求。利用该技术获取的多种测量参数表明，新月形沙丘二维与三维形态之间存在良好的相关性，基于这些关系，可以实现二维遥感影像量测结果向沙丘高度、沙丘体积等三维参数的转换。沙丘剖面形态可以采用非线性函数精确描述，为沙丘形态精确建模提供了参考。无人机倾斜摄影技术获取的沙丘三维形态参数，对于深入认识沙丘形态动力过程具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

面向海上目标搜索任务的多无人机协同航路优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚鹏  綦声波  解则晓 《海洋科学》2018,42(1):147-152

提出了一种面向多无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)协同搜索海上目标任务的航路优化方法。首先,分析多无人机协同航路优化问题的基本要素模型。然后,在对各UAV独立维护的目标概率图信息进行探测更新的基础上,采用状态预测一致性算法实现目标概率图信息的快速融合。最后,同时考虑局部搜索收益与未来搜索收益,采用分布式模型预测控制(distributed model predictive control,DMPC)方法优化各UAV的搜索航路。仿真结果表明,本研究提出的方法具有较高的搜索效率,可有效应用于海上目标的快速搜索任务,具有重要的应用价值。  相似文献   

Glacier inventory of the Gran Campo Nevado Ice Cap in the Southern Andes and glacier changes observed during recent decades   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Christoph Schneider  Michael Schnirch  Csar Acua  Gino Casassa  Rolf Kilian 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,59(1-4):87

The Gran Campo Nevado (GCN) forms an isolated ice cap on the Península Muñoz Gamero (PMG) located 200 km to the south of the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI). We present a glacier inventory of the GCN made up by 27 drainage basins (in total 199.5 km²) and other small cirque and valley glaciers of the southern part of PMG (in total 53 km²). The glacier inventory is based on a digital elevation model (DEM) and ortho-photos. Contour lines from maps, relief information derived from Landsat TM satellite imagery from 1986 and 2002 and stereoscopic data from aerial photos were combined in a knowledge-based scheme to obtain a DEM of the area. A digital ortho-photo map based on aerial photos from 1998 and several ortho-photos based on aerial photos from 1942 and 1984 could be produced from the initial DEM. A geographical information system (GIS) served to outline the extent of the present glaciation. All major glaciers of the GCN show a significant glacier retreat during the last 60 yr. Some of the outlet glaciers lost more than 20% of their total area during this period. Overall glacier retreat amounts to 2.8% of glacier length per decade and the glacier area loss is 2.4% per decade in the period from 1942 to 2002. We hypothesise that GCN glaciers may have reacted faster and more synchronously with the observed warming trend during recent decades when compared with the SPI.  相似文献   

基于倾斜摄影技术的戈壁灌丛沙丘形态反演及其对粉尘释放研究的意义     

潘凯佳  张正偲  梁爱民  董治宝  李兴财 《中国沙漠》2020,40(2):24-32

灌丛沙丘是广泛分布于西北干旱区的风沙地貌。戈壁上发育的灌丛沙丘在戈壁沙尘释放和固沙能力方面具有重要的指示意义和应用价值。本研究采用倾斜摄影技术对戈壁上的灌丛沙丘形态特征进行观测和提取,并分析沉积物特征,计算戈壁灌丛沙丘的固沙能力,为沙尘释放研究提供依据。结果表明:(1)戈壁上发育的灌丛沙丘有明显的空间分布格局,即主要分布在干河床的两侧和地势低洼地区。(2)戈壁灌丛沙丘在形态上和其他地表灌丛沙丘类似,但沙丘的长度、宽度、底面积、体积等小得多,而且参数之间具有明显的相关关系。(3)沉积物的累积概率曲线表现为三段式,跃移组分的粒度范围(50~700 μm)明显与以往研究不同。沙丘内部和表层的粉沙和黏土含量分别为4.47%和5.24%,从而说明灌丛沙丘能够捕获戈壁上释放的粉尘物质。(4)戈壁地区单个灌丛沙丘的粉尘释放量约0.05~0.08 m³,固沙能力最大可达18.71 m³。  相似文献   

数码相机检验中出现的问题及解决方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑炎兵  区意金 《地理空间信息》2009,7(3):161-164

数码相机的检验是近景摄影测量中经常碰到的问题。最常用的主要还是基于共线方程的后方交会法。但由于普通数码相机存在较大的镜头畸变，内方位元素也未知，所以仅用单片进行后方交会求取有关参数时，法方程可能会出现病态现象，从而影响最后的检验结果。文中对此现象进行了讨论，并给出了一些实用的解决方法。  相似文献   

浅谈航摄底片压平质量对成图精度的影响     

于桂芹  李维娜  林智鸣 《测绘与空间地理信息》2009,32(2)

讨论了航摄底片压平检查时应满足的条件,对航摄底片压平精度超限产生的原因、压平精度超限在作业中的几种表现,以及底片压平精度超限在作业中的弥补办法等做了阐述.  相似文献   

非量测数码相机单像空间后方交会的辅助分步像主距与像主点的简单测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李艺  林宗坚  李佶  王伟 《测绘科学》2009,34(2)

近年来,非量测的中、高端普通数码相机越来越多的应用到航空、近景等摄影测量领域[3]。影响摄影测量成果精度的重要因素之一是相机的技术参数,因此相机技术参数的检校是保证成果质量能否满足精度要求的关键问题之一。本文着重讲述了在以单像空间后方交会为基础的相机检校中,受制于实践环境,当控制场各控制点的几何分布通常被布置离一个平面不大的范围内,则会使未知数的解极不稳定,甚至有不定解得可能。为防止出现错解以及不定解,先通过试验场检校给出像主距f和像主点(x0,y0)初始值,从而避免上述情况发生,文中给出了方法、原理及实践数据、结果。  相似文献